[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he collection of cheating scenarios provided below are adapted from a variety used in research on academic integrity. What makes these scenarios such helpful learning tools is their identification of specific behaviors and the context in which they occur. Some of the scenarios also highlight the involvement of enablers, those who make the cheating possible or increase the likelihood of success.
Scenarios like these can be used in a variety of different ways. Here are some suggestions.
Construct a collection that’s relevant to your course and instructional setting. This means delete any that don’t seem relevant, revise the details to fit your teaching situation, and/or add other scenarios. There’s no minimum or maximum number required. The best advice: assemble a collection that raises the cheating issues that are most relevant to your courses.
Let students decide if cheating has occurred: Make the scenarios available to students and have them decide whether what’s described is, in fact, cheating. It’s probably a good idea to assure students that their responses will be anonymous. It’s also useful to have students talk over their answers with each other. Encourage them to focus on scenarios where they disagree. You could give students a chance to change their answers if the discussion has been persuasive.
Collect and then anonymously share the students’ responses: Collect and tabulate their responses—doing so online saves time—then share the results with students. Note any scenarios where there’s disagreement in student responses and discuss those. Consider changing the details in one of the scenarios. Research regularly documents that when cheating involves a friend—a friend asks you to check answers or you see a friend using her phone during the exam—that students find it much easier to enable the cheating than to say no.
Share your results: Before reviewing student responses to the scenarios, review the collection and share your responses with students. Discuss with them those scenarios where you and they disagree that the behavior is cheating. A lot of students don’t consider the enabler—the person who gives the cheater the answer, information, notes—guilty of cheating. They may not be as guilty as the cheater but they are certainly an accessory to the dishonest behavior.
Share research results: Several of these scenarios are very similar to some used in research (referenced below). Those scenarios where there is significant disagreement between students and faculty as to whether cheating had occurred are identified along with the percentages. If you and your students disagreed on these items, here’s the evidence that another cohort of students and faculty also disagreed.
The Scenarios
- Matt is taking a test in his big poly sci course. The professor is on his laptop and rarely looks up. Matt checks to be sure. The prof isn’t looking so he quietly asks Liam sitting next to him if “c” is the correct answer for question #2. Liam nods yes.
- Is Matt cheating?
- Is Liam cheating?
- Shawna’s writing a paper on Shakespeare’s historical context for her English Lit course. She finds several good resources online and downloads them. She cuts a few paragraphs and pastes them in her paper. She does not cite the sources.
- Paul is working on a take-home test for math. He asks his girlfriend Grace, who’s a math major, to double check his calculations on several problems. She checks his answers and doesn’t find any errors.
- Is Paul cheating?
- Is Grace cheating?
[In a study that used a scenario similar to this one, 72% of the students did not think that Paul’s behavior was cheating; a bit over 63% of the faculty thought it was.]
- Eli’s calculator is preloaded with a number of mathematical formulas. His friend Al doesn’t have the formulas on his calculator. Before the test, Eli lets Al borrow his calculator and copy the formulas into his calculator. Both calculators are on the list of instructor-approved calculators, as stated on the syllabus. Both Eli and Al use some of the formulas on the test.
- Is Eli cheating?
- Is Al cheating?
- Ashli is taking a test in a quiet corner of the learning center. She doesn’t know the answer to one of the questions, so she texts her friend Phillip and asks for help. Phillip doesn’t respond.
- Matt is taking a second test in poly sci and once again the prof is at the front of the room, on his laptop, and not paying attention to what’s going on in the classroom. Matt checks his phone, looks at his class notes, and finds the answer for question #3.
- A bit later, Matt peaks at his phone again. He needs the answer to question #23, but he can’t find it on his phone.
- Shawna is a bit worried about using material in her paper that she hasn’t cited, so she decides to include some of the sources she used while leaving the open-access materials off the bibliography.
- Ashli is still working on her test in the learning center. Finally, Phillip responds to her text. He doesn’t know the answer to the question she asked. Ashli asks him about another question. He answers, but his answer is incorrect.
- Is Ashli cheating?
- Is Phillip cheating?
- Al and Jose are in the same art history course. The instructor gives take-home essay exams. Al and Jose spend some time talking about the questions and possible ways they could be answered. They then each write their essay individually.
- Is Al cheating?
- Is Jose cheating?
- On the next take-home exam, Al and Jose talk about the questions before they write their essays. Then they read each other’s essays, make suggestions for improvement, and make some revisions based on those suggestions.
- Is Al cheating?
- Is Jose cheating?
[In a study that used a scenario with a take-home exam where one student asks if another student got the same answer and when that student says no, the first student finds a calculation error and corrects it, 45% of students said the student who corrected the answer cheated and almost 71% of the faculty called it cheating. Meanwhile, 32% of the students said the student who provided answer cheated and almost 61% of the faculty called it cheating.]
- Helene missed a test because she was ill. She’s scheduled to take it tomorrow. She asks Cecelia about the test. She doesn’t ask what specific questions are on the exam but tries to find out what she really needs to study. Cecelia makes some general suggestions.
- Is Helene cheating?
- Is Cecelia cheating?
[In a study that used a similar scenario, 52% of the students said Helene was cheating; 81% of the faculty said she was. 45% of the students said Cecelia was cheating; 81% of the faculty said she was.]
- Matt is studying for his third poly sci test. By this time in the course, he knows that the prof likes to use listing questions. Matt generates a set of potential questions and answers. He shows them to Malika who promptly asks if she can make a copy of them?
- Is Matt cheating?
- Is Malika cheating?
- Eli and Al are studying for another math test. They decide to add more formulas to the collection already in their calculators, but they end up not using any of these new ones on the exam.
- Is Eli cheating?
- Is Al cheating?
- Shawna is still worrying about her bibliography. It seems a little light, so she decides to include several sources that she didn’t use in the paper. She takes a quick look at some abstracts, decides they sound like good sources, and adds them to the bibliography.
- Al has paper due in his art history course and he’s short on time. He hauls out an old paper he wrote for a history course. Recycling the paper would save him a bunch of time. He decides he’ll make a few revisions and submit the old paper in his art history class.
- Helene has fallen way behind on that big survey project for her sociology course. She decides to ask the prof for an extension. She uses a made-up excuse telling him that her grandmother is very ill and she’s been taking care of her.
- Adam really hates group work. He’s working several part-time jobs to help pay for college and just doesn’t have time to sit around with a bunch of students working inefficiently on the project. He decides to blow off the group. He comes late to meetings, doesn’t participate, and does very little work. He’s depending on the group to carry him and they do.
- Mary Beth is taking an online history of nursing course. It’s a course with all sorts of material to read. Mary Beth’s friend Alma has taken the course and took extensive notes on the readings. Mary Beth has those notes. She’s been skimming the reading but devotes most of her study time to carefully reviewing Alma’s notes.
- Is Mary Beth cheating?
- Is Alma cheating?
- Fred’s taking the same history of nursing course as Mary Beth. His mom is a nurse. She’s given him links to a number of websites that make some of the course content much easier to understand. Fred’s been using those sites when reviewing for exams, but he hasn’t shared them with any classmates in the course.
- Is Fred cheating?
- Is his Mom cheating?
Note: The format and content of these scenarios is similar to many of those used in the study cited below. Adapted with permission from the authors.
Josien, L., Seeley, E., Csipak, J., Rampal, R. (2015). Cheating: Students and faculty’s perception on potential cheating activity.
Journal of Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues, 18 (2), 21-37.
