Teachers everywhere recognize the need to be clear. It's one of those parts of effective instruction whose importance almost goes without saying. An unclear explanation causes confusion and prevents learning. By the 1970s, there were already more than 50 studies that explored and documented the connection between teacher clarity and student learning. And research interest in clarity continues. Two recent meta-analyses (reference below), using different analytical approaches, integrated results from 144 and 46 studies respectively.
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