Face-to-face instructors who give in-class exams have a challenge when moving their courses online: How to ensure that students do not cheat on the exams by collaborating? Different methods have been developed to address the problem. For instance, institutions can send each student a 360-degree video camera to watch them as they take the exam, but few institutions are willing to purchase a camera for every online student, let alone manage the process of mailing them back and forth. Plus, who will watch all that video?
